The following are the scientists who contributed to know the nature of light -
1) EUCLID and HERO-(Ist century AD)- gave the postulates -Light travel in a straight line,explained phenomenon of Reflection and Refraction.
2) ALHAZEN-(around 1000 AD )-suggested that we see objects when sunlight strike the objects and get reflected back to eyes,also studied mirrors and lens,refined the law of reflection .
3) FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626 AD)- observed that color of object is causing by staining.
4) GALILEO AND JOHANNES KEPLER(1600 AD)- invent the first inverting refracting
Telescope and perform the refraction phenomena for the first time.
5) WILLEBRORD SNELLIUS (1621 AD)-further refined the law of refraction and gives snell's law.
6) SIR ISSAC NEWTON- (1642 AD)-explain the phenomenon of colors by prism to produce seven colors from white light,gave 'CORPUSCULAR THEORY' and proved reflection and refraction of light as a particle by his theory.
7) FRANCESCO GRIMALDI (1665 AD) -introduced another important phenomenon of light 'DIFFRACTION' which is explained as light can bend towards the corner of obstacle and form fringes.
8) CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS (1678 AD) -gave the 'WAVE THEORY', explained the appearance of spectrum,reflection and refraction of light as a wave.
9) THOMAS YOUNG(1802 AD)- introduced the phenomenon of 'INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT' which supported the wave theory strongly and weakened the corpuscular theory.
10) ETIENNE LOUIS MALUS and AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESNEL(1788-1827 AD)- explained the phenomenon POLARIZATION OF LIGHT.
11) JOSEPH VON FRAUNHOFER(1787-1826 AD)-better able to explained DIFFRACTION and succeeded in identifying within sun's spectrum 574 dark lines corresponding to different wavelength.
12) JEAN FACOULT (1862 AD) AND ARMAND FIZEAU(1849 AD)-successfully attempted to measure the speed of light in air and water and proved that light can not be composed of particles as speed of light in air is more than the speed of light in water,thus providing a strong support to WAVE THEORY.
13) JAMES CLERK MAXWELL(1862 AD) - gave the ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT and can travel through vacuum.
14) MICHELSON and MORLEY (1881 AD)- proved the absence of Luminiferous ether ( a hypothetical medium through which light wave travels).
15) HEINRICH RUDOLPH HERTZ(1887 AD) - discovered the PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT,produced electromagnetic waves experimentally using oscillatory circuit and concluded that light is a ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE and established Maxwell's theory to be correct.
16) ALBERT EINSTEIN (20th century)- introduced the most favoring concept of modern
"QUANTUM THEORY OF LIGHT" with the help of principle of MAX PLANCK's- "QUANTUM PHYSICS", explained PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT and support the duality nature of light.
2) ALHAZEN-(around 1000 AD )-suggested that we see objects when sunlight strike the objects and get reflected back to eyes,also studied mirrors and lens,refined the law of reflection .
3) FRANCIS BACON (1561-1626 AD)- observed that color of object is causing by staining.
4) GALILEO AND JOHANNES KEPLER(1600 AD)- invent the first inverting refracting
Telescope and perform the refraction phenomena for the first time.
5) WILLEBRORD SNELLIUS (1621 AD)-further refined the law of refraction and gives snell's law.
6) SIR ISSAC NEWTON- (1642 AD)-explain the phenomenon of colors by prism to produce seven colors from white light,gave 'CORPUSCULAR THEORY' and proved reflection and refraction of light as a particle by his theory.
7) FRANCESCO GRIMALDI (1665 AD) -introduced another important phenomenon of light 'DIFFRACTION' which is explained as light can bend towards the corner of obstacle and form fringes.
8) CHRISTIAAN HUYGENS (1678 AD) -gave the 'WAVE THEORY', explained the appearance of spectrum,reflection and refraction of light as a wave.
9) THOMAS YOUNG(1802 AD)- introduced the phenomenon of 'INTERFERENCE OF LIGHT' which supported the wave theory strongly and weakened the corpuscular theory.
10) ETIENNE LOUIS MALUS and AUGUSTIN JEAN FRESNEL(1788-1827 AD)- explained the phenomenon POLARIZATION OF LIGHT.
11) JOSEPH VON FRAUNHOFER(1787-1826 AD)-better able to explained DIFFRACTION and succeeded in identifying within sun's spectrum 574 dark lines corresponding to different wavelength.
12) JEAN FACOULT (1862 AD) AND ARMAND FIZEAU(1849 AD)-successfully attempted to measure the speed of light in air and water and proved that light can not be composed of particles as speed of light in air is more than the speed of light in water,thus providing a strong support to WAVE THEORY.
13) JAMES CLERK MAXWELL(1862 AD) - gave the ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY OF LIGHT and can travel through vacuum.
14) MICHELSON and MORLEY (1881 AD)- proved the absence of Luminiferous ether ( a hypothetical medium through which light wave travels).
15) HEINRICH RUDOLPH HERTZ(1887 AD) - discovered the PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT,produced electromagnetic waves experimentally using oscillatory circuit and concluded that light is a ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE and established Maxwell's theory to be correct.
16) ALBERT EINSTEIN (20th century)- introduced the most favoring concept of modern
"QUANTUM THEORY OF LIGHT" with the help of principle of MAX PLANCK's- "QUANTUM PHYSICS", explained PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT and support the duality nature of light.
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